First off they do R&D because they are trying to  get people to buy something from them.
 
What an R&D person does is he/she gets a slew of  projects with a priority setting determined by the boss.
 
The project may be to improve a product or make a whole new one
 
After that the R&D person would gather materials needed and dream up an experiment for their idea or they could use machines to test their new ideas or an already set experiment could be used
 
FAILURE OF TEST: If the test fails then the scientist must test again then try a new product
 
SUCCESS: The product then goes to sales and is brought to a possible buyer and a sales person tries to make the sale. If they do
the product needs to be maintained for the customer by constantly updating it, producing it the same way each time, keep the customer satisfied and check on the competition
 
The product is then quality control tested to make sure it does not have any abnormal side effects like mutating fish into mindless giant zombies
 
the R&D person is then set to start a new
project.
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